The heart is a muscular organ situated in the chest just behind and slightly toward the left of the breastbone. It roughly measures the size of a closed fist. The heart is working all the time, pumping blood through the network of blood vessels called the arteries and veins. The heart and its blood vessels are known as the cardiovascular system.The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are called the atria, whereas the lower two chambers are known as the ventricles. The various chambers of the heart are separated by partitions, each of which is called a septum. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle gets blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs to load it with oxygen. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the strongest chamber of the heart. It pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.The flow of blood into the heart, within the heart chambers and from the heart is guarded by the four valves present in the heart. The heart gets its nutrients and oxygen via the coronary arteries that run along the surface of the heart. It is also richly supplied by a web of nerve tissue that facilitates the rhythmic heartbeat. The heart is enclosed within a fluid-filled sac called the pericardium. The pericardium is a protective covering that produces fluid, which lubricates the heart and prevents friction between the heart and the surrounding organs.
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